音響一般情況下指的是用于歌舞廳、卡拉OK廳、劇場劇院、會議室和體育場館等文娛場所的音響，音響的靈敏度較高，放音聲壓高，力度好，承受功率大。那么，音箱設(shè)備有哪些組成?
In general, professional sound refers to the sound used in professional entertainment places such as song and dance halls, karaoke halls, theaters, conference rooms and stadiums. Professional sound has high sensitivity, high sound pressure, good strength and high bearing power. So, what are the components of professional speaker equipment?
音響設(shè)備由監(jiān)聽調(diào)音臺;功放調(diào)音臺;便攜式調(diào)音臺;功率放大器;動圈話筒;電容話筒;無線話筒;音箱;監(jiān)聽音箱;功放音箱;超低音箱;均衡器;混響器;效果器;延時器;壓縮器;限幅器;分音器;噪聲門;激光唱機;錄音卡座;影碟機;投影機;變調(diào)器;點歌器;耳機等眾多設(shè)備組成。
Professional audio equipment consists of monitoring mixer; Power amplifier mixer; Portable mixer; Power amplifier; Moving coil microphone; Condenser microphone; Wireless microphone; loudspeaker box; Monitor speaker; Power amplifier speaker; Subwoofer; Equalizer; Reverberators; Effector; Delay device; Compressor; limiter; Sound splitter; Noise gate; CD player; Recording card holder; DVD Player; Projector; Modulator; Song ordering device; Headphones and many other devices.
揚聲器有多種分類式：按其換能方式可分為電動式、電磁式、壓電式、數(shù)字式等多種;按振膜結(jié)構(gòu)可分為單紙盆、復合紙盆、復合號筒、同軸等多種;按振膜開頭可分為錐盆式、球頂式、平板式、帶式等多種;按重放頻可分為高頻、中頻、低頻和全頻帶揚聲器;按磁路形式可分為外磁式、內(nèi)磁式、雙磁路式和屏蔽式等多種;按磁路性質(zhì)可分為鐵氧體磁體、釹硼磁體、鋁鎳鈷磁體揚聲器;按振膜材料可分紙質(zhì)和非紙盆揚聲器等。
There are many types of loudspeakers: according to their energy conversion methods, they can be divided into electric, electromagnetic, piezoelectric, digital and so on; According to the diaphragm structure, it can be divided into single paper basin, composite paper basin, composite horn, coaxial and so on; According to the beginning of diaphragm, it can be divided into cone basin type, ball top type, plate type, belt type and so on; According to the playback frequency, it can be divided into high frequency, medium frequency, low frequency and full band speakers; According to the form of magnetic circuit, it can be divided into external magnetic type, internal magnetic type, double magnetic circuit type and shielding type; According to the properties of magnetic circuit, it can be divided into ferrite magnet, neodymium boron magnet, aluminum nickel cobalt magnet and loudspeaker; According to the diaphragm material, it can be divided into paper and non paper speakers.
箱體用來揚聲器單元的聲短路，抑制其聲共振，拓寬其頻響范圍，減少失真。音箱的箱體外形結(jié)構(gòu)有書架式和落地式之分，還有立式和臥式之分。箱體內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)又有密閉式、倒相式、帶通式、空紙盆式、迷宮式、對稱驅(qū)動式和號筒式等多種形式，使用多的是密閉式、倒相式和帶通式。
The box is used to eliminate the acoustic short circuit of the speaker unit, suppress its acoustic resonance, broaden its frequency response range and reduce distortion. The shape structure of the speaker box can be divided into bookshelf type and floor type, as well as vertical and horizontal. The internal structure of the box body has many forms, such as closed type, inverted type, belt type, empty paper basin type, labyrinth type, symmetrical driving type and horn type. Most of them are closed type, inverted type and belt type.
分頻器有功率分頻和電子分頻器的區(qū)別，兩者主要作用都是頻帶分割、幅頻特性與相頻特性校正、阻抗補償與衰減等作用。功率分頻器又叫無源式后級分頻器，是在功率功放之后進行分頻的。它主要由電感、電阻、電容等無源組件組成濾波器網(wǎng)絡，把各頻段的音頻信號分別送到相應頻段的揚聲器中去重放。它的特點就是成本低，結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，適合業(yè)余之作，缺點就是插入損耗大，效率低，瞬態(tài)特性較差。
Frequency dividers are different from power frequency dividers and electronic frequency dividers. Their main functions are band division, correction of amplitude frequency characteristics and phase frequency characteristics, impedance compensation and attenuation. The power divider, also known as the passive rear stage divider, divides the frequency after the power amplifier. It mainly consists of passive components such as inductance, resistance and capacitance to form a filter network, which sends the audio signals of each frequency band to the speakers of the corresponding frequency band for playback. Its characteristics are low cost, simple structure and suitable for amateur works. Its disadvantages are large insertion loss, low efficiency and poor transient characteristics.
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