一.現(xiàn)代體育場館電聲系統(tǒng)的主要特征大體可以概括為三個方面：
1、 The main characteristics of electroacoustic system in modern sports venues can be summarized into three aspects:
更加注重場館觀眾席和場地的聲音效果；
Pay more attention to the sound effect of the auditorium and venue;
為滿足大型體育比賽的開幕式、閉幕式或文藝演出的使用需要，更加注重配備相應(yīng)的"流動"擴聲系統(tǒng)；
In order to meet the needs of the opening ceremony, closing ceremony or artistic performance of large-scale sports competitions, more attention should be paid to the allocation of corresponding "mobile" sound reinforcement system;
電聲系統(tǒng)更加注重采用數(shù)字化網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸與控制系統(tǒng)等。
The electroacoustic system pays more attention to the use of digital network transmission and control system.
二.體育場館電聲系統(tǒng)主要包括有
2、 The electroacoustic system of sports venues mainly includes
1.滿足體育比賽的現(xiàn)場擴聲系統(tǒng)
1. On site sound reinforcement system for sports competition
2.滿足開幕式、閉幕式和大型文藝演出的流動擴聲系統(tǒng)
2. Mobile sound reinforcement system for opening ceremony, closing ceremony and large-scale artistic performance
3.滿足多級廣播(含緊急廣播)的自動優(yōu)先播出系統(tǒng)
3. Automatic priority broadcasting system meeting multi-level broadcasting (including emergency broadcasting)
4.數(shù)字網(wǎng)絡(luò)化信號傳遞和控制系統(tǒng)
4. Digital networked signal transmission and control system
5.功放及信號傳送故障自動檢測系統(tǒng)等
5. Power amplifier and signal transmission fault automatic detection system, etc
三.體育場館對擴聲系統(tǒng)的基本要求
3、 Basic requirements for sound reinforcement system in stadiums and gymnasiums
1.體育場館經(jīng)常性的使用是體育比賽或群眾集會，因而對擴聲系統(tǒng)的基求要求是，要保證語言擴聲的可懂度（或清晰度）。這看似簡單在實施中要能真正滿足體育場館觀眾座席（或大多數(shù)觀眾座席）具有良好的聽聞并非易事。
1. Stadiums and gymnasiums are often used for sports competitions or mass gatherings. Therefore, the basic requirement for sound reinforcement system is to ensure the intelligibility (or clarity) of language sound reinforcement. This seems simple. It is not easy to really meet the good hearing of stadium audience seats (or most audience seats) in implementation.
2.體育場館的使用如果有大型運動會的開幕式、閉幕式或大型高水平的文藝演出，這時擴聲系統(tǒng)配以高質(zhì)量的"流動系統(tǒng)"與原有的"固定"安裝系統(tǒng)聯(lián)合使用，會效果較佳也是比較經(jīng)濟的方式。
2. If the use of stadiums and gymnasiums has the opening ceremony, closing ceremony of large-scale sports games or large-scale high-level literary and artistic performances, the sound reinforcement system is combined with high-quality "mobile system" and the original "fixed" installation system, which will have better effect and more economical way.
3.現(xiàn)代體育場館的觀眾群體有別于傳統(tǒng)的"觀眾"，更多的是支持參賽隊的"球迷"拉拉隊，體育比賽過程氣氛熱烈。但是對擴聲而言"背景噪聲"級增大了且是無規(guī)的，在擴聲系統(tǒng)設(shè)計中應(yīng)予以充分注意。
3. The audience group of modern stadiums and gymnasiums is different from the traditional "audience", which is more cheerleaders of "fans" supporting the participating teams, and the atmosphere during the sports competition is warm. However, for sound reinforcement, the "background noise" level is increased and random, which should be paid full attention to in the design of sound reinforcement system.
四.體育場館聲學特性規(guī)范
4、 Specification for acoustic characteristics of sports venues
體育館聲學特性規(guī)范
Specification for acoustic characteristics of Gymnasiums
比賽大廳基本分為，綜合體育館比賽大廳；游泳館比賽大廳和溜冰館等。
The competition hall is basically divided into comprehensive gymnasium and competition hall; Swimming pool, competition hall and skating hall, etc.
體育場的聲學特性
Acoustic characteristics of stadium
體育場聲學特性目前國內(nèi)尚無成文的規(guī)范可循。近來世界足聯(lián)（FIFA）和德國足協(xié)（DFB）的有關(guān)資料表明，對體育場觀眾席擴聲穩(wěn)態(tài)聲壓級的要求為105dB左右。
At present, there is no written specification for the acoustic characteristics of stadiums in China. Recent data from the World Football Association (FIFA) and the German Football Association (DFB) show that the requirement for the steady-state sound pressure level of stadium auditorium sound reinforcement is about 105dB.
2008北京奧運會對新建或改建體育場館主擴聲系統(tǒng)的聲學特性指標要求；
Requirements for acoustic characteristics of the main sound reinforcement system of new or reconstructed stadiums and Gymnasiums in 2008 Beijing Olympic Games;
聲壓級：正常使用95dB；聲壓級(緊急廣播)106dB。
Sound pressure level: 95dB in normal use; Maximum sound pressure level (emergency broadcast) 106db.
傳輸頻率特性：語言使用100Hz～ 5KHz ±5dB；
Transmission frequency characteristics: language use 100Hz ~ 5KHz ± 5dB;
音樂使用100Hz～15KHz ±5dB。
100Hz ~ 15KHz ± 5dB is used for music.
語言清晰度：快速語言傳遞指數(shù)RASTI≥0.5。
Language intelligibility: rapid language transmission index RASTI ≥ 0.5.
需要指出的是雖然體育場是非封閉空間，在擴聲設(shè)計中也不能簡單地以自由聲場來對待這是非常重要的。大多體育場觀眾席上方多帶有"挑棚"存在聲反射，一個典型的可容納幾萬人座席的體育場空場混響時間會長達5秒左右，滿場帶觀眾時的混響時間也會有3秒左右。因而，在擴聲系統(tǒng)設(shè)計時要予以充分的注意。
It should be pointed out that although the stadium is a non enclosed space, it can not be simply treated as a free sound field in the sound reinforcement design, which is very important. Most stadiums are equipped with "booths" above the auditorium, which has sound reflection. The reverberation time of a typical stadium that can accommodate tens of thousands of seats will be about 5 seconds, and the reverberation time of a full audience will be about 3 seconds. Therefore, full attention should be paid to the design of sound reinforcement system.
五.擴聲聲場控制是擴聲系統(tǒng)設(shè)計的根本
5、 Sound reinforcement field control is the basis of sound reinforcement system design
擴聲屬于應(yīng)用聲學的范疇，無論是室內(nèi)或是室外擴聲都不能脫離使用擴聲所處的聲學環(huán)境(或聲場)。擴聲的終效果是建聲與電聲綜合效果的體現(xiàn)，所以擴聲系統(tǒng)設(shè)計的基本問題是聲學問題，它是在建聲的基礎(chǔ)上完成擴聲聲場的分析與設(shè)計計算工作。
Sound reinforcement belongs to the category of applied acoustics. Both indoor and outdoor sound reinforcement cannot be separated from the acoustic environment (or sound field) where sound reinforcement is used. The final effect of sound reinforcement is the embodiment of the comprehensive effect of building sound and electroacoustic, so the basic problem of sound reinforcement system design is acoustic problem. It completes the analysis, design and calculation of sound reinforcement field on the basis of building sound.
如果從擴聲系統(tǒng)聲學特性指標來測評一個擴聲聲場，主要有聲壓級、傳輸頻率特性、聲場不均勻度和傳聲增益等。如果從聽感來評價一個擴聲聲場，主要有語言清晰度和音樂的明晰度以及聲音"諸多屬性"重放的音質(zhì)效果等。
If a sound reinforcement field is evaluated from the acoustic characteristic index of the sound reinforcement system, it mainly includes the maximum sound pressure level, transmission frequency characteristics, sound field non-uniformity and sound transmission gain. If a sound reinforcement field is evaluated from the sense of hearing, it mainly includes the clarity of language and music, as well as the sound quality effect of the playback of "many attributes" of sound.
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