1、喇叭單元。喇叭單元的主要構(gòu)造由扼環(huán)、音盆、定芯支片、磁路(包括磁體、T鐵、音圈)，盆架等組成，而影響音箱壽命除音圈被非正常使用燒毀外，主要就是扼環(huán)和音盆了。扼環(huán)：扼環(huán)材料壽命順序?yàn)椴歼叀⒛z塑復(fù)合邊、硅橡膠邊、泡沫邊……。較易損壞的是泡沫邊，由于采用了泡沫邊的喇叭單元，在正常使用3-5年里就折裂幾乎報廢。
1. Horn unit. The main structure of the horn unit is composed of choke ring, sound basin, fixed core support, magnetic circuit (including magnet, t iron and voice coil), basin frame, etc. except that the voice coil is burned out in abnormal use, it is mainly choke ring and sound basin. Choke: the life cycle of choke material is selvage, plastic plastic composite edge, silicone rubber edge, foam edge. The foam edge is easy to damage. Due to the use of the foam edge horn unit, the fracture is almost scrapped within 3-5 years of normal use.
當(dāng)然泡沫邊的材料成份和制作工藝的不同，其壽命也會不盡相同。其次就要數(shù)硅橡膠邊了，它的缺點(diǎn)主要是如果工藝不當(dāng)，時間長了，容易老化而產(chǎn)生惰性變形和龜紋，而影響使用。當(dāng)今揚(yáng)聲器制造廠還是廣泛采用硅橡膠扼環(huán)和膠塑扼環(huán)為多數(shù)。而使喇叭單體的壽命大大延長的扼環(huán)，是布邊扼環(huán) ，它大部分用在揚(yáng)聲器上，但也有用在民用產(chǎn)品上。
Of course, the life of foam edge is different from that of material and process. Secondly, we should count the silicone rubber edge. Its disadvantage is that if the process is improper, it is easy to aging and produce inert deformation and moire, which will affect the use. Nowadays, silicone rubber choke ring and rubber plastic choke ring are widely used in speaker manufacturers. The choke ring that greatly prolongs the service life of the loudspeaker unit is the cloth edge choke ring. Most of it is used in professional loudspeakers, but it is also useful in civil products.
2、音盆。音盆在喇叭單元使用中，采取了多種材料形式：其防彈布、纖維編織盆、PP盆、云母聚丙烯盆、鋁鎂合金盆之類的問題倒不大，主要是紙基或紙基復(fù)合盆，由于蛋白纖維的存在，在南方潮濕地區(qū)幾乎不可避免的被霉菌侵蝕，即我們常見的霉點(diǎn)與白斑而令人頭疼。這種音盆的所表現(xiàn)出的音色柔美、淳厚而倍受揚(yáng)聲器廠的青睞。那么怎樣保養(yǎng)的問題，尤其是對高擋喇叭的保養(yǎng)倍受發(fā)燒友們關(guān)注。
2. Sound basin. In the use of horn unit, the sound basin adopts a variety of material forms: its bulletproof cloth, fiber woven basin, PP basin, mica polypropylene basin and aluminum magnesium alloy basin have little problems, mainly paper-based or paper-based composite basin. Due to the existence of protein fiber, it is almost inevitable to be eroded by mold in the humid areas of South China, that is, our common mold spots and white spots are a headache. This kind of sound basin is favored by the speaker factory because of its soft and honest tone. So how to maintain the problem, especially the maintenance of high gear horn, has attracted the attention of enthusiasts.
3、盆架：盆架目前廣泛彩的有二種材料，即薄鐵皮沖壓盆架和鋁盆架，當(dāng)然還有其他材料的，如尼龍塑料盆架。進(jìn)口和國產(chǎn)高檔喇叭單元大部分采用的是鋁盆架，它強(qiáng)度高和抗震性能優(yōu)越，比普通沖壓鐵制盆架要好得多。不過小口徑的單元倒也無所謂了。還有定心支架(即黃板)都是經(jīng)過特殊工藝生產(chǎn)的布麻制品，只要不脫膠，也沒啥好說的了。
3. Pot rack: at present, there are two kinds of widely colored pot racks, namely thin iron stamping pot rack and aluminum pot rack. Of course, there are other materials, such as nylon plastic pot rack. Most of the imported and domestic high-grade horn units use aluminum basin frame, which has high strength and excellent seismic performance, which is much better than ordinary stamping iron basin frame. But small caliber units don't matter. There are centering brackets (i.e. yellow plates) which are cloth and linen products produced by special processes. As long as they don't degumm, there's nothing to say.
4、磁體：磁體幾乎無須保養(yǎng)，不過時候長了會有一點(diǎn)失磁現(xiàn)象，但對整體表現(xiàn)影響并不大，頂多是靈敏度有點(diǎn)下降，僅僅是微乎其微而已，防磁喇叭要比普通不防磁的情況要好得多。
4. Magnet: there is almost no need to maintain the magnet, but there will be a little loss of magnetism over time, but it has little impact on the overall performance. At most, the sensitivity decreases a little, but it is only very small. The antimagnetic horn is much better than the ordinary case without antimagnetism.
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