更新時(shí)間：2023-06-13
文章來(lái)源：http://www.zkvd.cn/
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為保證聲絕緣與吸聲效果，室內(nèi)應(yīng)鋪有地毯天花板四周墻壁內(nèi)都應(yīng)裝有隔音毯，窗戶(hù)應(yīng)采用雙層玻璃，進(jìn)出門(mén)應(yīng)考慮隔音裝置。
To ensure sound insulation and absorption, carpets should be laid indoors, and soundproofing blankets should be installed in the walls around the ceiling. Windows should be double glazed, and soundproofing devices should be considered for entrance and exit doors.
在多數(shù)情況下，室內(nèi)場(chǎng)景音響系統(tǒng)接收到的是微弱信號(hào)，要把信號(hào)放大才能被聽(tīng)眾(觀眾)聽(tīng)到。室內(nèi)場(chǎng)景音響聲頻擴(kuò)聲的目的主要是：
In most cases, indoor scene sound systems receive weak signals that need to be amplified in order to be heard by the audience. The main purpose of indoor scene sound amplification is to:
提高清晰度和可懂度，以使講話的每個(gè)詞都十分清楚，而音樂(lè)伴奏不會(huì)喧賓奪主；
Improve clarity and intelligibility to ensure that every word in the speech is very clear, while music accompaniment does not dominate;
使整個(gè)聽(tīng)眾席聲音均勻分布，對(duì)所有座位要有均勻的響度，減少甚消滅“死區(qū)”；
Distribute the sound evenly throughout the audience, ensuring a uniform loudness for all seats, reducing or even eliminating "dead zones";
對(duì)整個(gè)聽(tīng)眾席要有穩(wěn)定的系統(tǒng)頻率響應(yīng)和均勻的“音色”；
There should be a stable system frequency response and a uniform "timbre" for the entire audience;
除保證聲音的真實(shí)感和無(wú)污染的傳播外，使語(yǔ)言和音樂(lè)有舒適空間,得到真實(shí)的表現(xiàn)。
In addition to ensuring the authenticity of sound and pollution-free transmission, it also provides a comfortable space for language and music to achieve authentic expression.
足夠大的音量：
Enough volume:
音響擴(kuò)聲系統(tǒng)實(shí)際上是一個(gè)用電子技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)聲音重放的系統(tǒng)。系統(tǒng)中，音量是重要的，音量水平用聲場(chǎng)的聲壓級(jí)來(lái)衡量。根據(jù)GB 50371-2006 《廳堂擴(kuò)聲系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》 ，在空?qǐng)龇€(wěn)態(tài)準(zhǔn)峰值狀態(tài)下的聲壓級(jí)，多功能類(lèi)擴(kuò)聲系統(tǒng)一級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)≥103dB。室內(nèi)場(chǎng)景擴(kuò)聲音響系統(tǒng)能夠達(dá)到多功能類(lèi)擴(kuò)聲系統(tǒng)一級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
The sound reinforcement system is actually a system that uses electronic technology to achieve sound reproduction. In the system, volume is the most important, and the level of volume is measured by the sound pressure level of the sound field. According to the national GB 50371-2006 "Code for Design of Hall Sound Reinforcement Systems", the maximum sound pressure level in the steady-state quasi peak state of the open field is ≥ 103dB as the first level standard for multifunctional sound reinforcement systems. The indoor scene sound reinforcement system can meet the first level standard for multifunctional sound reinforcement systems.
均勻合理的聲場(chǎng)分布：
Uniform and reasonable sound field distribution:
揚(yáng)聲器重放的聲場(chǎng)要盡可能分布均勻，室內(nèi)場(chǎng)景中，聽(tīng)音區(qū)聲場(chǎng)聲壓要求分布均勻，重放聲場(chǎng)分為動(dòng)區(qū)和靜區(qū)，舞臺(tái)為動(dòng)區(qū)，坐席為靜區(qū)，動(dòng)區(qū)的聲壓級(jí)顯然應(yīng)比靜區(qū)的聲壓級(jí)大，否則坐席中的觀眾將難以忍受。雖然動(dòng)靜區(qū)之間聲壓不要求均勻，但各區(qū)之內(nèi)聲壓應(yīng)是盡可能均勻的。
The sound field replayed by speakers should be as evenly distributed as possible. In indoor scenes, the sound pressure in the listening area should be evenly distributed. The playback sound field is divided into dynamic and static areas, with the stage as the dynamic area and the seat as the static area. The sound pressure level in the dynamic area should obviously be higher than that in the static area, otherwise the audience in the seat will find it difficult to bear. Although the sound pressure between the dynamic and static zones is not required to be uniform, the sound pressure within each zone should be as uniform as possible.
良好的音質(zhì)：
Good sound quality:
音質(zhì)主要取決于系統(tǒng)的失真度和傳輸頻率特性。系統(tǒng)的失真度是指由輸入聲信號(hào)或輸入電訊信號(hào)到輸出聲信號(hào)全過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的非線性失真。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)WH0301-93允許的非線性失真度為5%以下。
The sound quality mainly depends on the distortion and transmission frequency characteristics of the system. The distortion of a system refers to the nonlinear distortion generated throughout the entire process from the input acoustic signal or input telecommunication signal to the output acoustic signal. The nonlinear distortion allowed by standard WH0301-93 is below 5%.
傳輸頻率特性視之系統(tǒng)達(dá)到可用增益時(shí)，室內(nèi)場(chǎng)景各處穩(wěn)態(tài)聲壓級(jí)平均值像對(duì)于擴(kuò)聲系統(tǒng)輸入端信號(hào)電壓的幅頻響應(yīng)。也就是頻響。系統(tǒng)的非線性失真主要是由電聲設(shè)備引起的。而系統(tǒng)的頻響則除取決于電聲設(shè)備的品質(zhì)外還取決于廳堂和環(huán)境的建筑聲學(xué)特性。音樂(lè)和語(yǔ)言的清晰度也是衡量音質(zhì)的重要指標(biāo)。
The transmission frequency characteristics are seen as the amplitude frequency response of the steady-state sound pressure levels at various locations in the indoor scene to the input signal voltage of the sound reinforcement system when the system reaches the highest available gain. That is, frequency response. The nonlinear distortion of the system is mainly caused by electro-acoustic equipment. The frequency response of the system depends not only on the quality of electroacoustic equipment, but also on the Architectural acoustics characteristics of the hall and environment. The clarity of music and language is also an important indicator of sound quality.
盡可能小的本底噪聲：
Minimize background noise as much as possible:
噪聲有兩個(gè)來(lái)源，一是環(huán)境噪聲，一是設(shè)備噪聲。設(shè)備噪聲用“總噪聲”來(lái)衡量。總噪聲是指擴(kuò)聲系統(tǒng)達(dá)到可用增益，但無(wú)有用信號(hào)輸入時(shí)，廳堂內(nèi)各測(cè)試點(diǎn)噪聲聲壓級(jí)的平均值。這種噪聲取決于設(shè)備的品質(zhì)，另外線路的排布設(shè)備之間的連接方法屏蔽方法等都有重要影響。
There are two sources of noise, one is environmental noise, and the other is equipment noise. Equipment noise is measured by 'total noise'. Total noise refers to the average value of the noise sound pressure level at each Test point in the hall when the sound reinforcement system reaches the available gain but there is no useful signal input. This type of noise first depends on the quality of the equipment, and in addition, the connection method and shielding method between the equipment in the layout of the line have important impacts.
適當(dāng)?shù)膫髀曉鲆妫?/div>
Appropriate sound transmission gain:
適當(dāng)?shù)膫髀曉鲆媸乾F(xiàn)場(chǎng)擴(kuò)聲所必需的。擴(kuò)聲系統(tǒng)達(dá)到可用增益時(shí)，室內(nèi)各處穩(wěn)態(tài)聲壓級(jí)平均值與傳聲器處生壓級(jí)的差值，叫做傳聲增益。簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)就是聽(tīng)音處地聲壓級(jí)同話筒處的聲壓級(jí)之差。
Appropriate sound transmission gain is necessary for on-site sound reinforcement. When the sound reinforcement system reaches the maximum available gain, the difference between the average steady-state sound pressure level at various indoor locations and the generated pressure level at the microphone is called the sound transmission gain. Simply put, it is the difference between the sound pressure level at the listening point and the sound pressure level at the microphone.
良好的聲反饋嘯叫抑制能力：
Good sound feedback howling suppression ability:
當(dāng)用話筒擴(kuò)聲時(shí)，室內(nèi)的反射聲會(huì)重新進(jìn)入話筒，如果反射聲的聲級(jí)足夠大就會(huì)產(chǎn)生聲反饋嘯叫。實(shí)際上，當(dāng)聲反饋條件滿足時(shí)，不向話筒發(fā)話也會(huì)嘯叫。這是因?yàn)樵跅l件適當(dāng)時(shí)，室內(nèi)任何微小的聲擾動(dòng)，都會(huì)在寄生的聲反饋通道中迅速發(fā)展成為嘯叫。因此我們需要整個(gè)系統(tǒng)有盡可能良好的嘯叫抑制能力。
When amplifying with a microphone, the reflected sound in the room will re-enter the microphone, and if the sound level of the reflected sound is large enough, it will generate sound feedback howling. In fact, when the acoustic feedback conditions are met, even without speaking to the microphone, it will howl. This is because under appropriate conditions, any small indoor acoustic disturbance will rapidly develop into howling in the parasitic acoustic feedback channel. Therefore, we need the entire system to have the best possible howling suppression capability.
良好的聲像定位
Good audio image positioning
階梯教室有演出任務(wù)或立體聲節(jié)目播放等任務(wù)，就應(yīng)考慮聲像定位。
If there are performance tasks or stereo program playback tasks in a tiered classroom, audio and video positioning should be considered.
操控靈活可靠：
Flexible and reliable handling:
一個(gè)完整的系統(tǒng)會(huì)有多個(gè)信號(hào)源入口，多個(gè)揚(yáng)聲器出口和多種可選擇的信號(hào)處理設(shè)備。再運(yùn)行過(guò)程中應(yīng)能根據(jù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)需要隨時(shí)切換，調(diào)節(jié)效果，修改參數(shù)，重新編組。
A complete system will have multiple signal source entrances, multiple speaker exits, and multiple selectable signal processing devices. During the re operation process, it should be possible to switch, adjust the effect, modify parameters, and reorganize according to on-site needs at any time.
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