利用燈光手段為舞臺照明并為人物、景物造型的藝術(shù)，又稱舞臺照明。其作用是根據(jù)演出要求，按照舞臺美術(shù)的整體構(gòu)思，運用舞臺燈光的技術(shù)設(shè)備及手段配合演員表演，塑造舞臺上的視覺形象。
The use of lighting means for stage lighting and for the characters, scenery modeling art, also known as stage lighting. Its function is to shape the visual image on the stage according to the requirements of performance and the overall conception of stage art, using the technical equipment and means of stage lighting to cooperate with the performance of actors.
舞臺燈光在現(xiàn)代舞臺演出中的作用:①照明演出，使觀眾看清演員表演和景物形象；②導(dǎo)引觀眾視線；③塑造人物形象，烘托情感和展現(xiàn)舞臺幻覺；④創(chuàng)造劇中需要的空間環(huán)境；⑤渲染劇中氣氛;⑥顯示時、空轉(zhuǎn)換，突出戲劇矛盾沖突和加強舞臺節(jié)奏，豐富藝術(shù)感染力。有時也配合舞臺特技。
The functions of stage lighting in modern stage performance are as follows: 1) lighting performance, so that the audience can see the performance of actors and the image of scenery clearly; ② Guide the audience's sight; ③ Shaping characters, setting off emotions and showing stage illusion; ④ Create the space environment needed in the play; ⑤ Play up the atmosphere of the play; ⑥ It shows the transformation of time and space, highlights the contradiction and conflict of drama, strengthens the rhythm of stage, and enriches the artistic appeal. Sometimes with stage stunts.
在現(xiàn)代演出中，燈光的強度、色彩、照明區(qū)的分布，燈光的運動等都具有較大的可塑性與可控性。舞臺燈光的藝術(shù)效果是隨著演出的進展、舞臺氣氛的不斷變換而展現(xiàn)的。舞臺燈光是空間藝術(shù)與時間藝術(shù)的結(jié)合體，舞臺燈光的歷史發(fā)展是同戲劇的演變以及科學技術(shù)的進步密切相聯(lián)的。
In modern performance, the intensity, color, distribution of lighting area and the movement of lighting have great plasticity and controllability. The artistic effect of stage lighting is shown with the progress of performance and the continuous change of stage atmosphere. Stage lighting is a combination of space art and time art. The historical development of stage lighting is closely related to the evolution of drama and the progress of science and technology.
舞臺燈具按光學結(jié)構(gòu)可分為泛光燈、聚光燈和幻燈三類；按舞臺上安裝的部位則又有面光、耳光、腳光、柱光、頂排光、天排光、地排光以及流動光之分。泛光系統(tǒng)是指可以發(fā)出均勻柔和的光線并能照射出一定方向燈光的燈具。單獨的泛光燈、頂排燈、腳燈和幕燈等一般用于照明天幕、繪畫布景或演區(qū)。
According to the optical structure, stage lamps can be divided into floodlights, spotlights and slides; According to the installation position on the stage, there are surface light, ear light, foot light, column light, top light, sky light, ground light and flowing light. Floodlight system is a kind of lamp which can emit even and soft light and can irradiate light in a certain direction. Separate floodlights, top row lights, foot lights and curtain lights are generally used to illuminate the sky curtain, painting set or performance area.
聚光系統(tǒng)指能發(fā)出定向并能控制光區(qū)范圍的燈具。一般是用折射原理，通過透鏡投出不同的光斑。如用螺紋柔光鏡頭則能產(chǎn)生邊緣柔和的光斑。采用反射光學結(jié)構(gòu)取得聚光效果的燈叫回光燈?；脽粝到y(tǒng)是在聚光燈具前再加一組物鏡使其投光成像。這種幻燈又可分為：①利用幻燈片成像的投景幻燈；②通過轉(zhuǎn)動的圓盤式鏈帶把云、水、火等活動形象投在景物上的投景幻燈；③利用長焦距物鏡使小光斑清晰成像。突出主角形象的追光燈；④橢球面凹鏡名為造型燈的燈具。
Concentrating system refers to the lamp which can emit orientation and control the range of light area. Generally, different light spots are projected through the lens according to the principle of refraction. If we use the thread soft light lens, we can produce the light spot with soft edge. The light with reflective optical structure is called return light. The slide system is to add a group of objective lens in front of the spotlight to make it project light and image. This kind of slide can be divided into: (1) projection slide using slide imaging; ② Through the rotating disc type chain belt, the cloud, water, fire and other activity images are projected on the scenery; ③ The long focal length objective is used to make the small spot image clearly. Highlight the image of the leading role of the spotlight; ④ Ellipsoidal concave mirror is a kind of lamp named modeling lamp.
舞臺燈光的控制系統(tǒng)須能有用地控制和調(diào)配全部燈具并產(chǎn)生諧調(diào)的藝術(shù)效果。它由電源配電板、調(diào)光器及總控制臺三個部分組成。
The control system of stage lighting must be able to effectively control and allocate all lamps and produce harmonious artistic effect. It consists of three parts: power distribution board, dimmer and general console.
舞臺燈光設(shè)計主要根據(jù)劇本、導(dǎo)演要求及舞臺美術(shù)的總體設(shè)想進行藝術(shù)構(gòu)思，繪制布光設(shè)計圖，并具體安排技術(shù)體現(xiàn)工作。燈光設(shè)計應(yīng)能利用多種造型手段，適應(yīng)不同風格的演出，如有的演出要求表現(xiàn)出寫實主義的風格，而有的則要求創(chuàng)造出抽象的、寫意的或隱喻的意境。
Stage lighting design is mainly based on the script, the director's requirements and the overall idea of stage art to carry out artistic conception, draw the light layout design, and arrange the work of technical embodiment. Lighting design should be able to use a variety of modeling means to adapt to different styles of performances. For example, some performances require the performance of realistic style, while others require the creation of abstract, freehand or metaphorical artistic conception.
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