一、系統敘述
1、 Systematic narration
廣播音響系統涉及面很廣，從、學校、賓館、車站、碼頭、廣場到會場、影劇院、體育館等無不與之有密切關系。
The broadcasting sound system covers a wide range, from shopping malls, schools, hotels, stations, docks, squares to venues, cinemas and gymnasiums.
1.1在民用建筑工程設計中，廣播系統可分為以下幾類：
1.1 in civil building engineering design, broadcasting system can be divided into the following categories:
A、面向公眾區（、車站、碼頭、、餐廳、走廊、教室等）和停車場等的公共廣播系統。
A. Public address system for public areas (shopping malls, stations, docks, shopping malls, restaurants, corridors, classrooms, etc.) and parking lots.
這種系統主要用于語音廣播，因此清晰度是首要的。而且，這種系統往往平時進行背景音樂廣播，在出現災害或緊急情況時，又可轉換為緊急廣播。
This system is mainly used for voice broadcasting, so clarity is the first. Moreover, this system often carries out background music broadcasting at ordinary times, and can be converted to emergency broadcasting in case of disaster or emergency.
B、面向賓館客房的廣播音響系統。
B. Broadcast sound system for hotel rooms.
這種系統包括客房音響廣播和緊急廣播，常由設在客房中的床頭柜放送，客房廣播含有多個可供自由選擇的波段，在緊急廣播時，客房廣播即自動中斷，自動切換為緊急廣播。
This system includes guest room audio broadcasting and emergency broadcasting, which are often broadcast by the bedside table in the guest room. The guest room broadcasting contains multiple freely selectable bands. In case of emergency broadcasting, the guest room broadcasting is automatically interrupted and automatically switched to emergency broadcasting.
C、以禮堂、劇場、體育館為代表的廳堂擴聲系統。
C. Hall sound reinforcement system represented by auditorium, theater and gymnasium.
這是性較強的擴聲系統，它不僅要考慮電聲技術問題，還要涉及建筑聲學問題。兩者都要統籌兼顧，不可偏廢，這類廣播系統往往有綜合性多用途的要求，不僅可供會場語言擴聲使用，還常用于文藝演出等，對于大型現場演出的音響系統，電功率少則幾萬，多的達數十萬瓦，故要用大功率的揚聲器和功率放大器，在系統的配置和器材選用方面有一定的要求，同時應注意電力線路的負荷問題。
This is a professional sound reinforcement system. It should consider not only electroacoustic technology, but also architectural acoustics. Both of them should be taken into account. Such broadcasting systems often have comprehensive and multi-purpose requirements, which can not only be used for language amplification at the venue, but also for literary and artistic performances. For the sound system of large-scale live performances, the electric power is tens of thousands of Watts at least, and hundreds of thousands of Watts at most, so high-power speakers and power amplifiers should be used, There are certain requirements for system configuration and equipment selection, and attention should be paid to the load of power lines.
D、面向會議室、報告廳等的廣播音響系統。
D. Broadcast sound system for conference room, lecture hall, etc.
這類系統一般也是設置成公共廣播提供的背景音樂和緊急廣播兩用的系統，但因其特殊性故也常在會議室和報告廳單獨設置會議廣播系統。對要求較高或國際會議廳，還需另行設計諸如同聲傳譯系統，會議表決系統以及大屏幕投影電視等的專用視聽系統。
This kind of system is generally set up as a dual-purpose system for background music and emergency broadcasting provided by public broadcasting. However, due to its particularity, it is often set up a separate conference broadcasting system in the conference room and lecture hall. For high demand or international conference halls, special audio-visual systems such as simultaneous interpretation system, conference voting system and large screen projection TV need to be designed.
從上面介紹可知，對于各種大樓、賓館及其他民用建筑物的廣播音響系統，基本上可以歸納為三種類型：
It can be seen from the above introduction that the broadcast sound system of various buildings, hotels and other civil buildings can be basically divided into three types:
一是公共廣播系統（PublicAddressSystem簡稱PA），這種是有線廣播系統，它包括背景音樂和緊急廣播功能，通常結合在一起，平時播放背景音樂或其他節目，出現火災等緊急事故時，轉換為報警廣播。這種系統中的廣播用的話筒與向公眾廣播的揚聲器一般不處同一房間內，故無聲反饋的問題，并以定壓式傳輸方式為其典型系統；二是廳堂擴聲系統，這種系統使用音響設備，并要求有大功率的揚聲器系統和功放，由于傳聲器與擴聲用的揚聲器同處于一個廳堂內，故存在聲反饋乃嘯叫的問題，且因其距離較短，所以系統一般采用低阻直接傳輸方式；三是專用的會議系統，它雖也屬擴聲系統，但有其特殊要求，如同聲傳譯系統等。
First, the public address system Public address system (PA for short) is a wired broadcasting system, which includes background music and emergency broadcasting functions. It is usually combined to play background music or other programs at ordinary times. In case of fire and other emergencies, it will be converted to alarm broadcasting. The microphone for broadcasting in this system is generally not in the same room as the speaker for public broadcasting, so silent feedback is necessary The constant pressure transmission mode is taken as its typical system; The second is the hall sound reinforcement system. This system uses professional sound equipment and requires high-power speaker system and power amplifier. Since the microphone and the loudspeaker for sound reinforcement are in the same hall, there are problems of sound feedback and even howling. Due to its short distance, the system generally adopts low resistance direct transmission mode; The third is a special conference system. Although it is also a sound reinforcement system, it has its special requirements, such as an audio interpretation system.
1.2廣播音響系統的組成
1.2 composition of broadcast sound system
不管哪一種廣播音響系統，都可以基本分為四個部分：節目源設備、信號的放大和處理設備、傳輸線路和揚聲器系統。
No matter what kind of broadcast sound system, it can be basically divided into four parts: program source equipment, signal amplification and processing equipment, transmission line and speaker system.
節目源設備：節目源通常為無線電廣播，激光唱機和錄音卡座等設備提供，此外還有傳聲器、電子樂器等。
Program source equipment: the program source is usually provided for radio broadcasting, CD player, recording card holder and other equipment, as well as microphone, electronic musical instrument, etc.
信號放大和處理設備：包括調音臺、前置放大器、功率放大器和各種控制器及音響加工設備等。
Signal amplification and processing equipment: including mixer, preamplifier, power amplifier, various controllers and audio processing equipment.
這部分設備的首要任務是信號放大，其次是信號的選擇。調音臺和前置放大器作用和地位相似（當然調音臺的功能和性能指標更高），它們的基本功能是完成信號的選擇和前置放大，此外還坦負音量和音響效果進行各種調整和控制。有時為了更好地進行頻率均衡和音色美化，還另外單獨投入圖示均衡器。這部分是整個廣播音響系統的“控制中心”。功率放大器則將前置放大器或調音臺送來的信號進行功率放大，再通過傳輸線去推動揚聲器放聲。
The primary task of this part of equipment is signal amplification, followed by signal selection. The function and status of the mixer and preamplifier are similar (of course, the function and performance index of the mixer are higher). Their basic function is to complete the signal selection and pre amplification. In addition, they also adjust and control the volume and sound effect. Sometimes, in order to better balance the frequency and beautify the sound color, they also input the graphic equalizer separately. This part is the "control center" of the whole broadcast sound system 。 The power amplifier amplifies the signal sent by the preamplifier or mixer, and then pushes the speaker to play through the transmission line.
傳輸線路雖然簡單，但隨著系統和傳輸方式的不同而有不同的要求。對禮堂、劇場等，由于功率放大器與揚聲器的距離不遠，一般采用低阻大電流的直接饋送方式，傳輸線要求用專用喇叭線，而對公共廣播系統，由于服務區域廣，距離長，為了減少傳輸線路引起的損耗，往往采用高壓傳輸方式，由于傳輸電流小，故對傳輸線要求不高。
Although the transmission line is simple, it has different requirements with different systems and transmission modes. For auditoriums, theatres, etc., due to the short distance between the power amplifier and the speaker, the direct feeding mode of low resistance and high current is generally adopted, and the special speaker line is required for the transmission line. For the public address system, due to the wide service area and long distance, in order to reduce the loss caused by the transmission line, the high-voltage transmission mode is often adopted, because the transmission current is small, Therefore, the requirements for transmission lines are not high.
揚聲器系統：揚聲器系統要求整個系統要匹配，同時其位置的選擇也要切合實際。禮堂、劇場、歌舞廳音色、音質要求高，而揚聲器一般用大功率音箱；而公共廣播系統，由于它對音色要求不是那么高，一般用3W—6W天花喇叭即好。
Speaker system: the speaker system requires the whole system to be matched, and the selection of its position should also be practical. Auditorium, theater and song and dance hall have high requirements for timbre and sound quality, while speakers generally use high-power speakers; The public address system, because it does not require so high timbre, generally uses 3W-6W ceiling speakers.
1.3廣播系統的特點
1.3 characteristics of broadcasting system
背景音樂簡稱BGM，是BackGroundMusic的縮寫，它的主要作用是掩蓋噪聲并創造一種輕松和諧的氣氛，聽的人若不專心聽，就不能辨別其聲源位置，音量較小，是一種能創造輕松愉快環境氣氛的音樂。
Background music, abbreviated as BGM, is the abbreviation of backgroundmusic. Its main function is to cover up the noise and create a relaxed and harmonious atmosphere. If the listener doesn't pay attention, he can't distinguish the sound source position. The volume is small. It is a kind of music that can create a relaxed and pleasant environment atmosphere.
因此， 背景音樂的效果有兩個，一是心理上掩蓋環境噪聲，二是創造與室內環境相適應的氣氛，它在賓館、酒店、餐廳、、醫院、辦公樓等廣泛的應用。樂曲應是抒情風格的或是輕松的，強烈激性的樂曲是不適宜。
Therefore, background music has two effects: one is to cover up the environmental noise psychologically, and the other is to create an atmosphere suitable for the indoor environment. It is widely used in hotels, hotels, restaurants, shopping malls, hospitals, office buildings and so on. The music should be lyrical or relaxed, and strong and exciting music is not suitable.
背景音樂不是立體聲，而是單聲道音樂，這是因為立體聲要求能分辨出聲源方位，并且有縱深感，而背景音樂則是不專心聽就意識不到聲音從何處來，并不希望為人感覺出聲源的位置，以要求把聲源隱蔽起來，而音量要較輕，以不影響兩人對面講話為原則。
Background music is not stereo, but mono music. This is because stereo requires to be able to distinguish the direction of the sound source and have a deep sense of depth. However, background music can't realize where the sound comes from without paying attention. It doesn't want people to feel the position of the sound source. It even requires that the sound source be hidden and the volume should be light, so as not to affect the two people's face-to-face speech.
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